论新闻英语导语的特点及其翻译
毕业论文
On Characteristics of News English Lead and Its Translation
Abstract
News lead refers to the beginning paragraph of a news report, delivering the essential information of the reported event and telling the receptors what to expect. This thesis begins with a detailed stylistic analysis of it on lexical, grammatical and syntactic levels. As a practical style, news report is not a natural phenomenon but a social product, which emphasizes social benefit—the reader’s effect. Eugene A. Nida’s famous “Functional Equivalence” theory, which shifts its focal point from the text to the reader and emphasizes the text-reader relationship, is much suitable for the translation of News English lead. This thesis tries to establish proper translation criteria of news English leads in the light of “F-E” theory: first, faithfulness and completeness; second, complete intelligibility on the part of the readership; third, harmony with the style of Chinese news leads. Furthermore, as content-packed simple sentence is required in news lead, the translation is in fact how to deal with long sentence. However, specific methods concerned vary with the different types of news English leads. The frequently used method is the division of the sentence and then reconstructing the lead by following three methods: to translate with the original order; to translate with an order opposite to the original; to translate with completely different order which has no relation to the original order. The previous study on translation of News English lead emphasizes on the techniques, but the translation theories concerned are seldom mentioned. This thesis aims to make a combination of “F-E” theory with practice for developing the effective ways of translation of news English leads and try to accurately transfer the message and keep the style of the original.
Key Words: news English lead; concision; exactness; functional equivalence
摘 要
本文从词语，语法，句式3个层面分析了新闻英语导语的文体特点，旨在归纳探索出新闻英语导语翻译的标准与方法。首先简要介绍了新闻英语导语的结构，类型及其重要性。新闻导语是以简练而生动的文字表述新闻事件中的最重要内容，并且能吸引读者往下读的'开头部分。因此，新闻导语简明扼要，内容充实，引人入胜。其次，以尤金•奈达著名的“功能对等”翻译理论为指导，探索总结出新闻英语导语的翻译标准与方法。就新闻导语翻译而言，表达的首要标准是准确完整，其次是达意，最后1条则是应该符合汉语新闻的风格，因为读者毕竟大多是中国人。翻译理论家奈达强调语义和风格两方面争取“最贴近”和“最自然”的对等原则，因此,在翻译过程中，译者不可能只采用1种翻译方法。翻译新闻导语的具体方法有很多，最常用的方法是拆句法——即先按意群将较长的整句拆分成两个或两个以上的短句以符合汉语的习惯,然后根据导语的不同形式,选用顺译法、逆译法、拆译法重组句子。对于新闻英语汉译的研究，前人较多注重技巧方面而较少提及与之相关的翻译理论，本文试图将奈达的“功能对等”翻译理论与新闻英语导语翻译实践相结合，以探讨新闻英语导语翻译的有效途径。要达到准确传达原文信息功能的效果，译者应尽量做到既能从英汉差异出发，处理好英汉句子在结构形式上的问题，又不忽略原文的文体特征。
关键词：新闻英语导语、简明扼要、准确、功能对等
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