基于虚拟现实技术的景物仿真
毕业论文
基于虚拟现实技术的景物仿真
摘要：虚拟现实（Virtual Reality，简称VR），是1种基于可计算信息的沉浸式交互环境。具体地说，就是采用以计算机技术为核心的现代高科技生成逼真的视、听、触觉1体化的特定范围的虚拟环境，用户借助必要的设备以自然的方式与虚拟环境中的对象进行交互作用、相互影响，从而产生亲临等同真实环境的`感受和体验。
本设计是1个基于VRML（虚拟现实建模语言）的虚拟校园系统，它要求实现虚拟现实中基本的场景建立和在场景中漫游，本程序建立场景所需的建筑物均在3DS MAX中建立，然后以VRML97的格式导出并保存为.wrl文件，这样在VrmlPad编辑器中可以打开这些文件了。然后在VRML编辑环境下，通过添加材质、纹理、传感器、声音、动画等来完善该虚拟校园系统，并通过内联(Inline)、锚点(Anchor)造型节点来实现室外与室内的链接和切换。最后在VRML浏览器中通过键盘和鼠标的移动来漫游观看该虚拟系统。为了使场景漫游更真实，还须在场景图中设置碰撞节点，从而防止观察者从场景中的物体（如教学楼）中穿过或进入不可见的视角观察。
关键字：虚拟现实；VRML；漫游；场景；碰撞检测。
Scenery Simulation base on Virtual Reality Technology
Abstract: Virtual Reality(VR), It is a immersing type base on the communication that could be calculate. Concretely to say, adopt taking technology of the computer as the core modern Hi-Tech turn into lifelike look ,listen,sense of touch integrated specific fictitious environment of range, users carry on the reciprocation , influence each other with the target in the fictitious environment by way of nature through the essential equipment, thus produced and came personally the feeling and experience of the true environment equally.
It is a system of virtual reality school based on VRML technology，and it demands realizing that the basic scene is set up and one can roam in the scene of virtual reality, This procedure sets up buildings of the scene in 3DS MAX then exports and saves them in the format of .wrl files. Under the environment of VrmlPad, we can open these files and perfect the scenes by adding material，texture，sensors，sounds and interpolators.By the node of inline，anchor,we can realize linking or transfering between different scenes.In the end,we can roam the virtual reality system through the movement of the keyboard and mouse in the VRML explorer.In order to approach Reality,a node of collision must be set up to prevent observer from wear or enter impossible visual angle which can’t be observed from object of scene.
Keywords: Virtual Reality;VRML;roaming;scene;Collision detecting.
目录
前言 1
1 虚拟现实介绍 2
1.1 虚拟现实的定义 2
1.2 虚拟现实系统的发展历史 2
1.3 虚拟现实系统的应用 3
1.4虚拟现实系统的发展方向 4
2 系统开发环境介绍 5
2.1 VRML概述 5
2.2 VRML工作原理 5
2.3 VRML的执行模式 6
2.4 VRML制作工具VRMLPAD介绍 7
2.5 VRML浏览器介绍 8
2.6 3DSMAX介绍 9
3 系统需求分析 10
3.1 现状分析 10
3.2漫游系统的设计目标 10
3.3 3维显示技术的选择 10
4 系统设计与实现 12
4.1 概要设计 12
4.2 详细设计 13
4.2.1 室外场景制作 13
4.2.2 室内场景制作 17
4.2.3 各个场景造型的链接 24
4.3 VRML中的碰撞检测 25
4.4 对于虚拟仿真场景的优化 26
4.5 虚拟场景的漫游 27
结束语 31
参考文献 32
致谢 33
注:不包括源代码.
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